This technology relates to a wireless radio communications scheme that minimizes interferences between different channels and increases high bandwidth data communication. Furthermore, this modulation scheme is easy to implement with simple low cost electronic systems. Possible applications for this technology include: optical communication, energy efficient illumination, optical signal processing, smart shower heads, fertilizer dispensers, hydroponics systems, smart automobile brakes, adaptive lighting systems, medical diagnostic systems, etc.

Alignment and positioning equipment are important as they are required in nearly all research and manufacturing processes. Conventionally, translation stages are used extensively in the industry for alignment and positioning. Translation stages provide a motion or a translation when a force is applied onto them. However, existing translation stages are affected by high temperature, electromagnetic fields, vibrations, shocks, andor air turbulences. They are also subject to wear nad may not be compatible with chemically sensitive applications.

The continued development of optical communications requires fast information processing. Therefore, ultrafast, all-optical systems and switches for basic processing at both ends of an optical transmission line are replacing electronic systems. However, there are speed and fabrication limits on present all-optical switches imposed by the properties of the materials presently used. This technology provides an improved ultrafast high sensitivity all-optical switch made from a single-walled carbon nanotube.

The current high-growth nature of digital communications demands higher speed serial communication circuits. Present day technologies barely manage to keep up with the present need to communicate at high speeds (e.g., gigabit, terabit, and higher transmission speeds). New techniques are needed to ensure that methods for serial communication can continue to expand and grow. A novel approach to high-frequency communications demands on serial communications circuits has been invented.

The photonic and optoelectronic communities have long been interested in the development of tunable delay systems for optical pulses. The various systems developed suffer from shortcomings such as limited delay range for high speed devices, low duty cycles and nonlinearity in optical path-length change, the inability to provide tens of centimeter scanning range and a repetition rate in the hundreds of hertz range, and low temporal resolution and optical loss.