This invention is directed to a system and method to create three dimensional tomography using a Fresnel lens with broadband terahertz (THz) pulses.The procedure allows reconstruction of an objects tomographic contrast image by assembling the frequency-dependent images.Objects at various locations along the beam propagation path are uniquely imaged on the same imaging plane using a Fresnel lens with different frequencies of the imaging beam.
This invention is directed to a novel non-destructive method to remove excess layers of copper from microchip interconnect-metallization processing, allowing copper to be used in place of aluminum. The new method, an Electro-Chemical Planarization process, is a means of removing the copper in an electrolysis-designed solution bath without damaging the thin-film and interconnect surfaces. The process addresses the damages incurred by conventional CMP allowing for electron-migration into the insulative film layers leading to the eventual short-circuiting within the microchip devices.
Lookback is defined as the ability of a logical process to change its past locally (i.e. without involving other logical processes). Logical processes with lookback are able to process out-of-timestamp order events, enabling new synchronization protocols for the parallel discrete event simulation. This technology is directed to two of such protocols, LookBack-Global Virtual Time (LB-GVT) and LookBack-Earliest Input Time (LB-EIT), which are presented and their performances on the Closed Queuing Network (CQN) simulation are compared with each other.
This invention is directed to techniques for obtaining and imaging three-dimensional objects using radiation in the terahertz (THz) spectrum and systems and associated methods for high resolution terahertz computed tomography. Although computed tomography is well known in X-ray radiographic imaging, a serious problem in reconstructing an image using THz computed tomography is that the THz wave does not satisfy the short wave limit as the X-ray satisfies in X-ray computed tomography.
This invention is directed to a method and architecture for efficiently solving complex problems requiring information retrieval from multiple, logically interrelated, distributed databases. The method is well suited for use in the manufacturing Virtual Design Environment. The method uses coevolutionary agents incorporating evolutionary algorithms located at different nodes in a distributed network. The coevolutionary agents conduct localized database searches and evolve at their respective nodes while sharing information with other coevolutionary agents working the same problem.
Terahertz (THz) waves occupy a segment of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and microwave bands. As such, they can be used for imaging and sensing in ways that are not possible with conventional technologies such as X-ray and microwave. Because THz radiation transmits through almost anything that is not metal or liquid, the waves can see through most materials that might be used to conceal explosives or other materials, such as packaging, corrugated cardboard, clothing, shoes, backpacks, and book bags. They are also safer than X-rays and microwaves for human tissue.
Most forms of communication rely on transmission of groups of discrete elements arranged in a manner that is understood by both the transmitting and a receiving party. Accurate communication between the transmitter and a receiver depends on the message formed by the groups of discrete elements, or symbols, being transmitted uncorrupted and intact between the two parties.
As a greater number of people begin to access the Internet through high speed connections, the content offered is expanding. One method of broadcasting video and audio streams over the Internet is Multicasting. However, as use of multitask protocols and acknowledgement signals for each packet sent increases, so does congestion over the internet. Therefore, there exists a need in the art for a system and method of congestion control for multicast transmissions that is implemented entirely at the source of the transmission without any modifications to the receivers or routers.
Electro-optic crystals and photoconductive dipole antennas have been widely used in terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and related imaging applications. In the standard apparatus used for THz time-domain spectroscopy a separate transmitter and receiver are used for the emission and detection of the THz signal. Because detection is the reverse process of emission, the transmitter and the receiver can be identical devices.
Laboratory courses are a vital part of engineering and scientific education and training, but so far, lab courses have been considered impractical for remote education. Lab courses are traditionally conducted at a central location, with student, instructor, and experiment in close proximity to each other. As versatility of communications over the Internet increases, it is desirable to have a method to remotely conduct a lab experiment that allows a student to easily access the experiment from a remote location.