Data communication over wireless channels has become increasingly common, but wireless channels may be lossy such that data is often lost during transmission. This invention is directed to devices and methods for transmitting or receiving data packets in a data block in a communication network with a transport protocol. A loss toleranct TCP protocol is used in which a maximum segment size is adapted to a minimum granularity of a congestion window, and proactive forward error correction (FEC) packets are added to a window of the data block.

This invention is directed to a method to improve the performance of stepper motor driven systems.Stepper motors are ubiquitous in modern office equipment and other machinery, yet little is published regarding their optimal use in open loop systems.Accurate control of a stepper motor is limited by the ability of the control system to approximate the actual motor and subsequently provide the correct instructions for achieving the actual desired movement with little or no error.Moving the motor to a specific position within a specified time period is difficult due to variations between motors

Lookback is defined as the ability of a logical process to change its past locally (i.e. without involving other logical processes). Logical processes with lookback are able to process out-of-timestamp order events, enabling new synchronization protocols for the parallel discrete event simulation. This technology is directed to two of such protocols, LookBack-Global Virtual Time (LB-GVT) and LookBack-Earliest Input Time (LB-EIT), which are presented and their performances on the Closed Queuing Network (CQN) simulation are compared with each other.

This invention is directed to a method and architecture for efficiently solving complex problems requiring information retrieval from multiple, logically interrelated, distributed databases. The method is well suited for use in the manufacturing Virtual Design Environment. The method uses coevolutionary agents incorporating evolutionary algorithms located at different nodes in a distributed network. The coevolutionary agents conduct localized database searches and evolve at their respective nodes while sharing information with other coevolutionary agents working the same problem.

Most forms of communication rely on transmission of groups of discrete elements arranged in a manner that is understood by both the transmitting and a receiving party. Accurate communication between the transmitter and a receiver depends on the message formed by the groups of discrete elements, or symbols, being transmitted uncorrupted and intact between the two parties.

As a greater number of people begin to access the Internet through high speed connections, the content offered is expanding. One method of broadcasting video and audio streams over the Internet is Multicasting. However, as use of multitask protocols and acknowledgement signals for each packet sent increases, so does congestion over the internet. Therefore, there exists a need in the art for a system and method of congestion control for multicast transmissions that is implemented entirely at the source of the transmission without any modifications to the receivers or routers.

Laboratory courses are a vital part of engineering and scientific education and training, but so far, lab courses have been considered impractical for remote education. Lab courses are traditionally conducted at a central location, with student, instructor, and experiment in close proximity to each other. As versatility of communications over the Internet increases, it is desirable to have a method to remotely conduct a lab experiment that allows a student to easily access the experiment from a remote location.

The cross-section of an X-ray phase shift image is a thousand times greater than that of X-ray attenuation in soft tissue over the diagnostic energy range implying phase imaging can achieve a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and substantially lower radiation dose than attenuation-based X-ray imaging. Grating interferometry is a state of the art X-ray imaging approach, which can simultaneously acquire information of X-ray phase-contrast, dark-field, and linear attenuation. This imaging modality can reveal subtle texture of tissues.

Time of flight PET (TOF-PET) is an advance over traditional PET that uses the time difference in detection of the two photon events. TOF information provides better localization of the annihilation event along the line formed by each detector pair, resulting in an overall improvement in signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed image. This technology uses a direct estimation of the sinogram only from TOF PET data.

Computed Tomography (CT) is an important tool in diagnostic imaging. It plays a key role in diagnosis and intervention. Many advanced CT systems use wide detector arrays, multiple sources, andor very fast rotation speed, for important clinical applications (e.g., coronary artery and whole organ perfusion imaging). As a result, modern CT scanners are expensive and are typically used by major hospitals and clinics in developed countries. Over the past decades, CT systems or methods have been proposed assuming linear translation-based scanning.