Using air as an emitting medium to generate terahertz wave has attracted attention because of its potential applications for remote distance THz wave sensing and imaging. Yet, the cutting edge energy conversion efficiency of THz wave generation with optical method is extremely low. Researchers at Rensselaer have developed a method for generating amplified terahertz radiation that includes inducing a first volume of a gas to produce a seed plasma and emit pulsed seed terahertz radiation by focusing an optical seed beam in the first volume.

Since terahertz (THz) wave spectroscopy has been utilized to detect a number of chemical and explosive materials and related compounds by providing their spectral signatures in the THz frequency range, there is an interest in THz wve spectroscopy as a technique to sense improvised explosive devices. However, due to the severe water vapor attenuation of THz waves in the atmosphere, the reliable sensing range of THz wave spectroscopy has been limited to relatively short distances.

Electro-optic crystals and photoconductive dipole antennas have been widely used in terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and related imaging applications. In the standard apparatus used for THz time-domain spectroscopy a separate transmitter and receiver are used for the emission and detection of the THz signal. Because detection is the reverse process of emission, the transmitter and the receiver can be identical devices.

The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT), more specifically, single walled carbone nanotubes (SWNT), have made them excellent candidates for applications in bio-sensing, fuel cells, and nanofabrication. Considerable research effort has been devoted to development of methods to achieve stable suspensions of highly dispersed CNTs. However, progress has been impeded by two major hurdles. FIrst, their poor solubility in both aqueous and organic solvents makes them difficult to manipulate and functionalize.

This invention is directed to a high-throughput process for screening proteins for kinetic stability.Kinetically stable proteins are trapped in one conformation and have a high barrier to unfolding, so they are resistant to aggregation and degradation and have a longer half-life.The ability to quickly and easily identify kinetically stable proteins would have a myriad of applications in the biotechnology industry, pharmaceutical industry, and in basic life science research.

The crystalline lenses of the eyes undergo mechanical, physiological, morphological and refractive changes to adjust the total refractive power of the eyes to maintain sharp visual acuity whenever an object of regard is moved toward and away from the distance at which humans typically view reading material. The aggregate changes experienced by the crystalline lenses of the eyes to maintain sharp visual acuity is referred to as accommodation. At any given time the crystalline lenses and the eyes may be regarded as being in a state of accommodation.

This invention is directed to a highly accurate and efficient method and algorithm, namely the Dual-Bootstrap Iterative Closest Point algorithm, for performing image registration generally and retinal image registration in particular. Retinal image registration is challenging. The images are projections of a curved surface taken from a wide range of viewpoints using an un-calibrated camera. The non-vascular surface of the retina is homogeneous in healthy retinas, and exhibits a variety of pathologies in unhealthy retinas.

Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have found widespread use in the food and biotechnology industries. UF has been applied in the processing of normal and transgenic milk, cheese and eggs, whey and potato protein recovery, the clarification of juices and wine, the recovery of proteins from animal blood, and the purification of water. UF is also used in the biotechnology industry for the recovery of biological products through such steps as cell broth clarification, cell harvesting, concentration or diafiltration of protein solutions prior to separation, and final concentration.